ABSTRACT. The existence of an icy continent around the South Pole is known to everybody today. But it is common

to ascribe this kind of modern knowledge to navigators sailing in southern polar waters in the 19th century. A

good illustration of this is the Russian Antarctic expedition (1819–1821) under the conduct of Fabian Gottlieb von

Bellingshausen (Russian version Faddej Faddeevich Bellinsgauzen), the reception of which in Russian society of the

19th and 20th centuries is analysed in this article. During the cold war, beginning at the end of the 1940s, the question

of who discovered Antarctica turned from being a scientific problem into a subject of political struggle between

the United States of America, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. This article provides an analysis of the Russian

discovery in the area, while at the same time, attempting to give an answer to the main question of the history of

Antarctic exploration which is: is it well-justified to establish the first discoverer of Antarctica? All the dates in the

text are according to the Gregorian calendar.

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